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Objective:To compare and analyze the application of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for intravitreal injection in the real world before and after the establishment of one-stop intravitreal injection center, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different management modes.Methods:A retrospective clinical study. A total of 4 015 patients (4 659 eyes) who received anti-VEGF drugs for ocular fundus diseases at the Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from July, 2018 to June, 2022 were included in the study. There were 2 146 males and 1 869 females. The ocular fundus diseases in this study were as follows: 1 090 eyes of 968 patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD); 855 eyes of 654 patients with diabetic macular edema (DME); 1 158 eyes of 980 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR); 930 eyes of 916 patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO-ME). A total of 294 eyes of 275 patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathological myopia (PM-CNV); 332 eyes of 222 patients with other fundus diseases. A total of 13 796 anti-VEGF needles were injected. A total of 1 252 patients (1 403 eyes) from July 2018 to June 2020 were regarded as the control group. From July 2020 to June 2022, 2 763 patients (3 256 eyes) who received anti-VEGF treatment in the intravitreal injection center were regarded as the observation group. The total number of intravitreal injection needles, the distribution of anti-VEGF therapy in each disease according to disease classification, the proportion of patients who chose the 3+ on-demand treatment (PRN) regimen and the distribution of clinical application of different anti-VEGF drugs were compared between the control group and the observation group. The waiting time and medical experience of patients were investigated by questionnaire. χ2 test was used to compare the count data between the two groups, and t test was used to compare the measurement data. Results:Among the 13 796 anti-VEGF injections in 4 659 eyes, the total number of anti-VEGF drugs used in the control and observation groups were 4 762 and 9 034, respectively, with an average of (3.39±3.78) and (2.78±2.27) injections per eye ( t=6.900, P<0.001), respectively. In the control and observation groups, a total of 1 728 and 2 705 injections of anti-VEGF drugs were used for wAMD with an average of (5.14±4.56) and (3.59±2.45) injections per eye, respectively; a total of 982 and 2 038 injections of anti-VEGF drugs were used for DME with an average of (4.36±4.91) and (3.24±2.77) needles per eye, respectively. Additionally, a total of 942 and 2 179 injections of anti-VEGF drugs were injected for RVO-ME with an average of (3.98±3.71) and (3.14±2.15) injections per eye, respectively; a total of 291 and 615 injections of anti-VEGF drugs were injected for PM-CNV with an average of (3.31±2.63) and (2.99±1.69) injections per eye, respectively. A total of 683 and 1 029 injections of anti-VEGF drugs were injected for DR with an average of (1.60±1.26) and (1.41±1.05) injections per eye, respectively. The clinical application and implementation of "3+PRN" treatment were as follows: 223 (66.4%, 223/336) and 431 eyes (57.2%, 431/754) in the wAMD ( χ2=8.210, P=0.004), 75 (33.3%, 75/225) and 236 (37.5%, 236/630) eyes in the DME ( χ2=1.220, P>0.05), and 97 (40.9%, 97/237) and 355 eyes (51.2%, 355/693) in the RVO-ME ( χ2=7.498, P=0.006), 39 (44.3%, 39/88) and 111 eyes (53.9%, 111/206) in the PM-CNV ( χ2=2.258, P>0.05), respectively. In addition, the results of the questionnaire survey showed that there were significant differences between the control and observation groups regarding the time of appointment waiting for surgery ( t=1.340), time from admission to entering the operating room on the day of injection ( t=2.780), time from completing preoperative treatment preparation to waiting for entering the operating room ( t=8.390), and time from admission to discharge ( t=6.060) ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The establishment of a one-stop intravitreal injection mode greatly improved work efficiency and increased the number of injections. At the same time, the compliance, waiting time, and overall medical experience of patients significantly improved under centralized management.
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Ocular fundus diseases is a kind of ophthalmic diseases that occur in the vitreous, retina, choroid and optic nerve, including a series of pathophysiological changes such as inflammation, exudation and proliferation. Because of high morbidity and high blindness rate, ocular fundus diseases has been paid more and more attention from medical community. With the continuous deepening of research on its etiology, anatomy and pathological mechanism in recent years, clinicians have obtained more abundant treatment methods than in the past, and the medical treatment of ocular fundus diseases have made many phased progress. However, due to its wide spectrum of diseases and complex pathological mechanism, clinicians still need to further explore more effective treatment methods, and improve the effect of diagnosis and treatment to ocular fundus diseases.
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The data related signs of ocular fundus associated with COVID-19 published in this journal collected from December 2022, while the pandemic of COVID-19 was in a clustering occurrence. The signs of ocular fundus including acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN), cotton wool spots or Purtscher-like retinopathy, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and macular edema of unknown etiology. The different lesions can be concurrent existence in some cases is one of the clinical characteristics of COVID-19, other characteristics including both eye involved, predominated affected more women, aged from 13 to 56 years. AMN was mentioned recently in most papers on COVID-19, it has been known as deep capillary ischemia. Cotton wool spots is sign infarct in superficial capillary. Retina dots indicated retinal infarct in the outer plexiform layer. CRVO was demonstrated that the blood clot blocks the flow of blood at the level of the lamina cribro, optic disc edema with macular subretinal fluid showed the retina tissue as well as optic head affected. Eye is part of the body, lesions of ocular fundus are identical with body system. Several study proposed different hypothesis for these alterations in acute phase of COVID-19: direct viral endothelial injury, activation of the immune response by a cytokine storm leading to a procoagulant state or transient hypercoagulability. Retina lesions demonstrated a vasculature impairment in several layers of retina and edema in retina and optic disk. We should monitor in the acute phase of COVID-19 the prothrombotic markers and the treatment should consider anti-virus and preventing thrombosis formation.
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OBJECTIVES@#Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome that excludes secondary causes such as intracranial space-occupying lesion, hydrocephalus, cerebrovascular disease, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. If not be treated promptly and effectively, IIH can cause severe, permanent vision disability and intractable, disabling headache. This study aims to explore the clinical and image features for IIH, to help clinicians to understand this disease, increase the diagnose rate, and improve the outcomes of patients.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed 15 cases of IIH that were admitted to Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, during January 2015 to September 2020. The diagnosis of IIH was based on the updated modified Dandy criteria. We analyzed clinical data of patients and did statistical analysis, including age, gender, height, weight, medical history, physical examination, auxiliary examination, treatment and outcome.@*RESULTS@#There were 10 females and 5 males. Female patients were 22 to 42 years old with median age of 39.5. Male patients were 27 to 52 years old with the median age of 44.0. The BMI was 24.14-34.17 (28.71±2.97) kg/m@*CONCLUSIONS@#IIH primarily affects women of childbearing age who are overweight. The major hazard of IIH is the severe and permanent visual loss. Typical image signs have high specificity in IIH diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and effective treatment are significantly important to improve the outcomes of patients.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Intracranial Hypertension , Pseudotumor Cerebri/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Ventriculoperitoneal ShuntABSTRACT
Resumen Bartonella henselae es el agente etiológico de la enfermedad por arañazo de gato (EAG), infección endémica en Chile. Típicamente se presenta como una linfadenopatía regional autolimitada y menos frecuentemente con compromiso sistémico y manifestaciones extraganglionares: en hígado, bazo, hueso, ojo, entre otros. Se presentan tres casos de infección atípica por Bartonella henselae en las que se evidenció compromiso ocular, manifestado como una neurorretinitis. Esta revisión destaca la importancia de la búsqueda activa de complicaciones oculares en pacientes con compromiso sistémico por Bartonella henselae, implicando un cambio en el tratamiento y pronóstico de la enfermedad.
Abstract Bartonella henselae is cat scratch disease's etiological agent, which is considered an endemic infection in Chile. It typically presents as a self-limited regional lymphadenopathy and less frequently with systemic involvement and extranodal or atypical manifestations: hepatosplenic, ocular or musculoskeletal involvement, among others. We present three cases of atypical cat scratch disease with ocular compromise, as neurorretinitis. This review highlights the importance of the active search for ocular complications in patients with disseminated cat scratch disease, leading to possible change in treatment and prognosis of the disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Retinitis/diagnosis , Bartonella henselae , Cat-Scratch Disease/complications , Cat-Scratch Disease/diagnosis , ChileABSTRACT
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and is expressed in the retina and choroid. MR antagonist (MRA) has a long history of application in non-ophthalmic clinical practice. Various cellular and animal models indicated that inappropriate activation of MR participated in pathological angiogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, disturbance of ion/water homeostasis and neurodegenerative changes, while the application of MRA can reduce or reverse these pathological processes. After using MRA in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients, improved visual function, less subretinal fluid and reduced sub-foveal choroidal thickness were observed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in MR and plasma aldosterone levels were significantly different between chronic CSC patients and CSC patients with spontaneous remission. Novel formulation for sustained-release MRA and the mechanisms involving inflammation may become the new focus of MR study. This review summarizes the research status of MR and MRA in order to provide a reference for future basic research and clinical treatment.
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Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) obtains information of retinal and choroidal blood flow by processing the difference between repeated scan of the same voxel.OCTA can be used in fundus diseases because of noninvasive,three-dimensional and high resolution aquisition.OCTA is able to detect the alteration of blood flow in fundus diseases,especially in imaging the retinal and choriocapillary blood flow in normal fundus,age-related macular degeneration (AMD),diabetic retinopathy (DR),retinal vascular occlusion,etc.In this paper,the basic principle of OCTA and its applications in normal eyes,AMD and choroid neovascularization,DR,idiopathic parafoveal capillaries expansion of type 2,retinal vascular obstruction,central serous chorioretinopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy diagnosis are reviewed.
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Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61) is a secreted protein.It consists of four different structural domains and plays an important role in all kinds of cell life activities,such as proliferation,migration,adhesion,angiogenesis,inflammation regulation,embryogenesis and cartilage formation,by the means of controlling variety of cytokines and signaling pathways.Meanwhile,it also has been widely concerned because of its critical function in neovascularization.In this paper,we present the research progress in CYR61 and its application in ocular fundus neovascular disease,such as diabetic retinopathy,retinopathy of prematurity and wet age-related macular degeneration,in the structure of review,so as to provide a new perspective on the pathogenesis and therapy of ocular fundus neovascular disease.
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Objetivos: describir las características clínicas del fondo de ojo en niños con miopía alta y su relación con la edad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico, transversal, de 38 ojos con miopía alta de 24 menores de 18 años, atendidos en consulta en el año 2011. Se dividieron en dos grupos de edad: menores de 10 años y mayores o iguales a 10 años. Se describieron los hallazgos clínicos del fondo de ojo y se compararon la longitud axial, el equivalente esférico, la agudeza visual mejor corregida, el grosor macular central, la profundidad y el ancho del estafiloma posterior. Resultados: la edad media de los niños fue de 9 años; el equivalente esférico medio fue -8,94 D (entre -6 y -16,5 D) y la agudeza visual mejor corregida media 0,26 logMAR. La longitud axial media aumentó con la edad (p= 0,001). Hubo evidencia de correlación entre la longitud axial y el equivalente esférico (p= 0,008; rho= -0,436). Clínicamente el polo posterior fue normal en el 36,84 por ciento, fundamentalmente en menores de 10 años; predominó el estafiloma posterior en el 39,47 por ciento; todos fueron simples, seguido de la atrofia en semiluna temporal (36,84 por ciento). No hubo alteraciones foveales. La periferia retiniana se exploró en el 52,63 por ciento y el 85 por ciento no tuvo lesiones. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos de edad en cuanto a longitud axial, el grosor macular central a 90° y la profundidad del estafiloma (p= 0,001, p= 0,02 y p= 0,036, respectivamente). Conclusiones: la frecuencia del fondo de ojo normal disminuye con la edad en los ojos de los niños con miopía alta. Predominan las formas simples de estafiloma y la atrofia peripapilar en semiluna temporal, sin lesiones foveales(AU)
Objectives: to describe the clinical characteristics of ocular fundus in children with high myopia and its relationship with the age. Methods: a cross-sectional, analytical and observational study of 38 high myopic eyes from 24 children under 18 years old seen at the outpatient service in 2011. They were divided into two groups (under 10 years and 10 years and over) to describe the clinical findings of the ocular fundus and to compare the axial length, the spherical equivalent, the best corrected visual acuity, the central macular thickness and width and depth of posterior staphyloma. Results: the mean age was 9 years old; mean spherical equivalent was -8,94 D (between -6 and -16,5 D) and mean best corrected visual acuity amounted to 0,26 logMAR. The mean axial length increases with the age (p= 0,001). There was evident correlation between axial length and spherical equivalent (p= 0,008; rho= -0,436). The posterior pole was normal in 36,84 percent. No foveal lesions were found. The retinal periphery was examined in 52,63 percent of cases and 85 percent of them had no lesions. Statistically significant differences in axial length, central macular thickness at 900 and staphyloma depth were found between both age groups (p= 0,001; p= 0,02 and p= 0,036, respectively). Conclusions: the frequency of normal ocular fundus decreases with the age in high myopic children´s eyes. The simple forms of posterior staphyloma and the temporal crescent peripapillary atrophy without foveal lesions predominated(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Axial Length, Eye , Myopia, Degenerative/diagnosis , Myopia, Degenerative/therapy , Ophthalmoscopy/adverse effects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Study , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
In view of the deficiency of class hour and the limitations of classroom teaching in the course of ocular fundus disease, a network teaching platform, based on Browser/Server structure, was explored and constructed to assist classroom teaching. The network platform was constituted with teaching demonstration system, communication-test system, search system, and help system, mainly including 18 functional modules of learning-world et al. The students can be guided with the modules such as navigation, acting as a self-regulated learner through the modules such as learning-world, searching and downloading the related learning materials through the modules such as searching and discussing different learning topics with other students and their teachers through the modules such as forum. The network platform was used for classroom teaching of ocular fundus disease in auxiliary , and the result showed it was helpful to breaking the time and space constraints in conventional teach-ing, expanding the teaching content, solving the difficulties in teaching, improving the students' learning initiative, and realizing the interactive teaching.
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Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular redox status.It induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes and phase 2 by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter region of the genes.Nrf2 may present anti-inflammation,immunodepression,antiapoptosis and neuroprotection effects when cell redox status is out of balance.It participates in the pathogenesis and development of many ocular fundus diseases,such as age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy and ischemic-hypoxic retinopathy.This review focuses on the current study and progress in Nrf2 and ocular fundus diseases.
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Objective To investigate the ocular manifestations of the patients with primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches.Methods Twelve patients who were gathered with primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches were examined in ophthalmic conventionality items.The ocular manifestations of the seven patients(14 eyes)were analyzed the images of taking retinography and fundus fluorescein angiogarphy.Results Of the seven patients(14 eyes),the cataract was revealed in four eyes,the iris neovascularization was revealed in one eye,the glaucoma was revealed in one eye,the ischemic retinopathy was revealed in three eyes,the hypertensive retinopathy was revealed in five eyes.Conclusions The ocular manifestations of the patients with primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches were generalize about the ocular ischemic syndrome and the hypertensive retinopathy.The retinal vasculopathy might be as a reference of the clinical major types PAAMB.
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The effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation on tissue circulation in the human ocular fundus (choroidal blood flow) was studied in 11 adult healthy volunteers (6 males and 5 females, age 31.5±5.7y) who had no physical or ocular disease. Using the laser speckle method, normalized blur (NB) values, a quantitative index for tissue blood flow, were measured over an area of choroid between the macula and the optic nerve papilla with no discrete visible vessel. The EA stimulation was applied between BL 10 and GB 20 and between GB 21 and SI 13 on the right side for 15 minutes at 1Hz with an intensity which cause slight muscle contraction. The NB value and intraocular pressure (IOP) in both side eyes, blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate (PR) were measured at baseline time, immediately after EA, and every 5 minutes after EA up to 15 minutes. These procedures were repeated on the same subjects as a control trial on another day. The NB value of choroid on the stimulated side significantly increased following EA stimulation compared with the control value, while that in the unstimulated side showed no significant change. No significant change was observed in BP, IOP or ocular perfusion pressure throughout the experimental period.